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Abbott, A., & Collins, D. (2004). Eliminating the dichotomy between theory
and practice in talent identification and development: Considering
the role of psychology. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22 (5), 395-408.
Anderrsen, N., & Wold, B. (1992). Parental and peer influences on leisure-
time physical activity in young adolescents. Research Quarterly for
Exercise and Sport, 63(4), 341-348.
Bailey, R., Collins, D., Ford, P., MacNamara, Á., Toms, M., & Pearce, G.
(2010). Participant development in sport: An academic review.
Leeds: SportsCoach UK. Retrieved from
www.sportni.net/NR/rdonlyres/991FF96E-C6DB-4700-A900-
F4DF2732E81A/0/ParticipantDevelopmentinSport.pdf
Bailey, R., Toms, M., Collins, D., Ford, P., MacNamara, Á., & Pearce, G.
(2011). Models of young player development in sport. In I. Stafford
(Ed.), Coaching children in sport (pp. 38-56). New York: Routledge.
Baker, J. (2003). Early specialization in youth sport: a requirement for adult
expertise? High Ability Studies, 14 (1), 85-94.
Baker, J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J., & Wall, M. (2003). Nurturing
sport expertise: Factors influencing the development of elite athlete.
Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine, 2, 1-9.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral
change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York:
W. H. Freeman.
Bell, K.W. (1997). The relationship between perceived physical
competence and the physical activity patterns of 5th and 7th grade
children (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
database. (AAT No. 9991283)
Berk, L.E. (2008). Exploring lifespan development (1st Ed.). United States
of America: Pearson Education, Inc.
Brunel, P.C. (1999). Relationship between achievement goal orientations
and perceived motivational climate on intrinsic motivation.
Scandanavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 9, 365-374.
Bruner, J.S., Matter, J., & Papenek, M.L. (1955). Breadth of learning as a
function of drive level and mechanization. Psychology Review, 62,
1-10.
Confidence. (1992). Random House Webster’s College Dictionary
(p. 285). New York: Random House, Inc.
Cooley, C.H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York:
Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Côté, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in
sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 395-417.
Côté, J. & Hay, J. (2002). Children’s involvement in sport: A developmental
perspective. In J.M. Silva and D. Stevens (Eds.) Psychological
Foundations of Sport, pp. 484-502. Boston, MA: Merrill.
Digelidis, N. & Papaioannou, A. (1999). Age-group differences in intrinsic
motivation, goal orientation and perceptions of athletic competence,
physical appearance and motivation climate in Greek physical
education. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport,
9, 375-380.
Dweck, C. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American
Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Eccles, J.S., Adler, T.E., Futterman, R., Goff, S.B., Kaczala, C.M., Meece,
J.L., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic
behaviors. In J.T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement
motives (pp. 75-146). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Engel, G.L. (1977). The need for a new medical model. Science, 4286
(196), 129-136.
Ferrer-Caja, E. & Weiss, M.R. (2000). Predictors of intrinsic motivation
among adolescent students in physical education. Research
Quarterly, 71 (3), 267-279.
Feltz, D.L, & Brown, E.W. (1984). Perceived competence in soccer skills
among youth soccer players. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6,
385-394.
Fischer, K.W. (1980). A theory of cognitive development: The control and
construction of hierarchies of skills. Psychological Review, 87,
477-531.
Fox, K.R. (1997). Let’s get physical. In K.R. Fox (Ed.), The physical self:
From motivation to well being (pp. vii-xiii). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.
Fry, M.D. (2000). A developmental examination of children’s
understanding of task difficulty in the physical domain. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology, 12, 180-202.
Gould, D. (1982). Sport psychology in the 1980s: Status, direction, and
challenges in youth sports research. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4,
203-218.
Gould, D., Feltz, D., Horn, T., & Weiss, M .R. (1982). Reasons for attrition in
competitive youth swimming. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5, 155-165.
Grace, Elizabeth. (2010, Dec. 17). Vygotsky & socio-cultural theory.
Retrieved from
http://www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/vygotskysocioculturaltheory.html.
Granleese, J., & Joseph, S. (1994). Reliability of the Harter self-perception
profile for children and predictors of global self-worth. Journal of
Genetic Psychology, 155 (4), 487.
Halliburton, A.L., & Weiss, M.R. (2002). Sources of competence
information and perceived motivational climate among adolescent
female gymnasts varying in skill level. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychology, 24, 396-419.
Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered. Human
Development, 21, 34-64.
Harter, S. (1981a). A model of intrinsic mastery motivation in children:
Individual differences and developmental change. In W. A. Collins
(Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 14, pp.
215-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harter, S. (1981b). A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic
orientation in the classroom: Motivational and informational
components. Developmental Psychology, 17, 300-312.
Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child
Development, 53, 87-97.
Harter, S. (1985a). Processes underlying the construct, maintenance and
enhancement of the self-concept in children. In J. Suls & A.
Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 3).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harter, S. (1985b). The self-perception profile for children: Revision of the
perceived competence scale for children. Unpublished manuscript,
University of Denver, Denver, CO.
Harter, S. (1987). The determinants and mediational role of global self-
worth in children. In Nancy Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in
developmental psychology (pp. 219-242). New York: John Wiley
& Sons.
Harter, Susan. (1988). The Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents.
Unpublished manuscript, University of Denver, Denver, CO.
Harter, S., & Connell, J.P. (1984). A comparison of alternative models of
the relationship between academic achievement and children’s
perceptions of competence, control, and motivational orientation. In
J.G. Nicholls (Ed.), The Development of achievement-related
cognitions and behaviors (pp. 219-250). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Harter, S., & Pike, R. (1984). The pictorial scale of perceived competence
and social acceptance for young children. Child Development, 55 (6),
1969-1982.
Harter, S., Whitesell, N.R., & Kowalski, P. (1992). Individual Differences in
the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent's
Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation. American
Educational Research Journal, 29 (4), 777-807.
Horn, T.S. (1985). Coaches’ feedback and changes in children’s
perceptions of their physical competence. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 77, 174-186.
Horn, T. S. (2003). Developmental perspectives on self-perceptions in
children and adolescents. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport
and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 101-143).
Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Horn, T.S. & Amorose, A.J. (1998). Sources of competence information. In
J.L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology
measurement (pp. 49-64). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information
Technology.
Horn, T.S., Glenn, S.D., & Wentzell, A.B. (1993). Sources of information
underlying personal ability judgments in high school athletes.
Pediatric Exercise Science, 5, 263-274.
Horn, T.S. & Harris, A. (2002). Perceived competence in young athletes:
Research findings and recommendations for coaches and parents. In
F. Smoll and R. Smith (Eds.), Children and Youth in Sport (2nd ed.,
pp. 435-464). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Horn, T.S. & Hasbrook, C. (1986). Informational components influencing
children’s perception of their physical competence. In M.R. Weiss &
D. Gould (Eds.), Sport for children and youths: Proceedings of the
1984 Olympic Scientific Congress (pp. 81-88). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.
James, W. (1892). Psychology: The briefer course. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
Jess, M., Dewar, K., & Fraser, G. (2004). Basic moves: developing a
foundation for lifelong physical activity. British Journal of Teaching in
Physical Education 35 (2), 23–7.
Kirk, D. (2005). Physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation:
The importance of early learning experiences. European Physical
Education Review, 11, 239-255.
Lirgg, C.D. (1992). Girls and women’s, sport, and self-confidence. Quest,
44, 158-178.
Marcia, James. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 3 (5), 551-558.
McKiddie, B., & Maynard, I.W. (1997). Perceived competence of
schoolchildren in physical education. Journal of Teaching in
Physical Education, 16, 324-339.
Nekich, J.C. Chapter 13: Friends & family [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved
from Lecture Notes Online Web site:
http://www.class.uidaho.edu/nekich/psyc305/pdf6/ Chapter13_friends1.pdf
Newell, A., & Rosenbloom, P.S. (1981). Mechanisms of skill acquistion
and the law of practice. In J.R. Anderson (Ed.)., Cognitive skills and
their acquisition (1-55). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Nicholls, J.G. (1975). Causal attributions and other achievement-related
cognitions: Effects of task outcome, attainment value, and sex.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 379-389.
Nicholls, J.G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability,
perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that
difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49 (3),
800-814.
Nicholls, J.G. (1980). The development of the concept of difficulty
[Abstract]. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26 (3), 271-281.
Nicholls, J.G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nichols, J. G. (1990). What is ability and why are we mindful of it? A
developmental perspective. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Kolligian (Eds.),
Competence considered (pp. 11-40). New Haven, CT:
Yale University Press.
Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J.. Tuson, K.M., Briere, N.M., &
Blais, M.R. (1995). Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation,
Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation
Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17 (1),
35-53.
Roberts, G. C., Kleiber, D., & Duda, J. L. (1981). An analysis of motivation
in children’s sport: The role of perceived competence in participation.
Journal of Sport Psychology, 3, 206-216.
Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M.E., & Walk, S. (1992). Overview of youth sport
programs in the United States. Washington, DC: Carnegie Council
on Adolescent Development.
Smith, A.L. (1999). Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity
participation in early adolescence. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychology, 21, 329-350.
Sternberg, R.J. & Kolligian, J., Jr. (1990). Competence considered.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Stipek, D. & Daniels, D. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A
consequence of changes in the child or the educational
environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 352-356.
Stipek, D. & Mac Iver, D. (1989). Developmental changes in children’s
assessment of intellectual competence. Child Development, 60,
521-538.
Watkins, B., & Montgomery, A. (1989). Conceptions of athletic excellence
among children and adolescents. Child Development, 60,
1362-1372.
Weinberg, R.S., & Jackson, A. (1979). Competition and extrinsic rewards:
Effect on intrinsic motivation and attribution. Research Quarterly,
50 (3), 494-502.
Weinberg, R.S., & Ragan, J. (1979). Effects of competition, success,
failure, and sex on intrinsic motivation. Research Quarterly, 50 (3),
503-510.
Weiss, M.R., Bredemeier, B.J., & Shewchuk, R.M. (1985). An
intrinsic/extrinsic motivation scale for the youth sport setting: A
confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7 (1),
75-91.
Weiss, M.R., & Ferrer-Caja, E. (2002). Motivational orientations and sport
behavior. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed.,
pp. 101-183). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Weiss, M.R. & Williams, L. (2004). The why of youth sport involvement: A
developmental perspective on motivational processes. In M.R. Weiss
(Ed.), Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan
Perspective (pp.223- 268). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information
Technology.
Whaley, D.E. (2004). Seeing isn’t always believing: Self-perceptions and
physical activity behaviors in adults. In M.R. Weiss (Ed.),
Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan
Perspective (pp. 289-311). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information
Technology.
White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
Psychological Review, 66, 297-330.
Wichstrom, Lars. (1995). Harter’s self-perception profile for adolescents:
Reliability, validity, and evaluation of the question format. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 65 (1), 100-116.
Williams, J. (Ed.). (2001). Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to
peak performance (4th ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Williams, L., & Gill, D. (1995). The role of perceived competence in the
motivation of physical activity. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychology, 17, 363-378.
and practice in talent identification and development: Considering
the role of psychology. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22 (5), 395-408.
Anderrsen, N., & Wold, B. (1992). Parental and peer influences on leisure-
time physical activity in young adolescents. Research Quarterly for
Exercise and Sport, 63(4), 341-348.
Bailey, R., Collins, D., Ford, P., MacNamara, Á., Toms, M., & Pearce, G.
(2010). Participant development in sport: An academic review.
Leeds: SportsCoach UK. Retrieved from
www.sportni.net/NR/rdonlyres/991FF96E-C6DB-4700-A900-
F4DF2732E81A/0/ParticipantDevelopmentinSport.pdf
Bailey, R., Toms, M., Collins, D., Ford, P., MacNamara, Á., & Pearce, G.
(2011). Models of young player development in sport. In I. Stafford
(Ed.), Coaching children in sport (pp. 38-56). New York: Routledge.
Baker, J. (2003). Early specialization in youth sport: a requirement for adult
expertise? High Ability Studies, 14 (1), 85-94.
Baker, J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J., & Wall, M. (2003). Nurturing
sport expertise: Factors influencing the development of elite athlete.
Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine, 2, 1-9.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral
change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York:
W. H. Freeman.
Bell, K.W. (1997). The relationship between perceived physical
competence and the physical activity patterns of 5th and 7th grade
children (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
database. (AAT No. 9991283)
Berk, L.E. (2008). Exploring lifespan development (1st Ed.). United States
of America: Pearson Education, Inc.
Brunel, P.C. (1999). Relationship between achievement goal orientations
and perceived motivational climate on intrinsic motivation.
Scandanavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 9, 365-374.
Bruner, J.S., Matter, J., & Papenek, M.L. (1955). Breadth of learning as a
function of drive level and mechanization. Psychology Review, 62,
1-10.
Confidence. (1992). Random House Webster’s College Dictionary
(p. 285). New York: Random House, Inc.
Cooley, C.H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York:
Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Côté, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in
sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 395-417.
Côté, J. & Hay, J. (2002). Children’s involvement in sport: A developmental
perspective. In J.M. Silva and D. Stevens (Eds.) Psychological
Foundations of Sport, pp. 484-502. Boston, MA: Merrill.
Digelidis, N. & Papaioannou, A. (1999). Age-group differences in intrinsic
motivation, goal orientation and perceptions of athletic competence,
physical appearance and motivation climate in Greek physical
education. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport,
9, 375-380.
Dweck, C. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American
Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Eccles, J.S., Adler, T.E., Futterman, R., Goff, S.B., Kaczala, C.M., Meece,
J.L., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic
behaviors. In J.T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement
motives (pp. 75-146). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Engel, G.L. (1977). The need for a new medical model. Science, 4286
(196), 129-136.
Ferrer-Caja, E. & Weiss, M.R. (2000). Predictors of intrinsic motivation
among adolescent students in physical education. Research
Quarterly, 71 (3), 267-279.
Feltz, D.L, & Brown, E.W. (1984). Perceived competence in soccer skills
among youth soccer players. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6,
385-394.
Fischer, K.W. (1980). A theory of cognitive development: The control and
construction of hierarchies of skills. Psychological Review, 87,
477-531.
Fox, K.R. (1997). Let’s get physical. In K.R. Fox (Ed.), The physical self:
From motivation to well being (pp. vii-xiii). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.
Fry, M.D. (2000). A developmental examination of children’s
understanding of task difficulty in the physical domain. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology, 12, 180-202.
Gould, D. (1982). Sport psychology in the 1980s: Status, direction, and
challenges in youth sports research. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4,
203-218.
Gould, D., Feltz, D., Horn, T., & Weiss, M .R. (1982). Reasons for attrition in
competitive youth swimming. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5, 155-165.
Grace, Elizabeth. (2010, Dec. 17). Vygotsky & socio-cultural theory.
Retrieved from
http://www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/vygotskysocioculturaltheory.html.
Granleese, J., & Joseph, S. (1994). Reliability of the Harter self-perception
profile for children and predictors of global self-worth. Journal of
Genetic Psychology, 155 (4), 487.
Halliburton, A.L., & Weiss, M.R. (2002). Sources of competence
information and perceived motivational climate among adolescent
female gymnasts varying in skill level. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychology, 24, 396-419.
Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered. Human
Development, 21, 34-64.
Harter, S. (1981a). A model of intrinsic mastery motivation in children:
Individual differences and developmental change. In W. A. Collins
(Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 14, pp.
215-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harter, S. (1981b). A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic
orientation in the classroom: Motivational and informational
components. Developmental Psychology, 17, 300-312.
Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child
Development, 53, 87-97.
Harter, S. (1985a). Processes underlying the construct, maintenance and
enhancement of the self-concept in children. In J. Suls & A.
Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 3).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harter, S. (1985b). The self-perception profile for children: Revision of the
perceived competence scale for children. Unpublished manuscript,
University of Denver, Denver, CO.
Harter, S. (1987). The determinants and mediational role of global self-
worth in children. In Nancy Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in
developmental psychology (pp. 219-242). New York: John Wiley
& Sons.
Harter, Susan. (1988). The Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents.
Unpublished manuscript, University of Denver, Denver, CO.
Harter, S., & Connell, J.P. (1984). A comparison of alternative models of
the relationship between academic achievement and children’s
perceptions of competence, control, and motivational orientation. In
J.G. Nicholls (Ed.), The Development of achievement-related
cognitions and behaviors (pp. 219-250). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Harter, S., & Pike, R. (1984). The pictorial scale of perceived competence
and social acceptance for young children. Child Development, 55 (6),
1969-1982.
Harter, S., Whitesell, N.R., & Kowalski, P. (1992). Individual Differences in
the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent's
Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation. American
Educational Research Journal, 29 (4), 777-807.
Horn, T.S. (1985). Coaches’ feedback and changes in children’s
perceptions of their physical competence. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 77, 174-186.
Horn, T. S. (2003). Developmental perspectives on self-perceptions in
children and adolescents. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport
and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 101-143).
Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Horn, T.S. & Amorose, A.J. (1998). Sources of competence information. In
J.L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology
measurement (pp. 49-64). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information
Technology.
Horn, T.S., Glenn, S.D., & Wentzell, A.B. (1993). Sources of information
underlying personal ability judgments in high school athletes.
Pediatric Exercise Science, 5, 263-274.
Horn, T.S. & Harris, A. (2002). Perceived competence in young athletes:
Research findings and recommendations for coaches and parents. In
F. Smoll and R. Smith (Eds.), Children and Youth in Sport (2nd ed.,
pp. 435-464). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Horn, T.S. & Hasbrook, C. (1986). Informational components influencing
children’s perception of their physical competence. In M.R. Weiss &
D. Gould (Eds.), Sport for children and youths: Proceedings of the
1984 Olympic Scientific Congress (pp. 81-88). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.
James, W. (1892). Psychology: The briefer course. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
Jess, M., Dewar, K., & Fraser, G. (2004). Basic moves: developing a
foundation for lifelong physical activity. British Journal of Teaching in
Physical Education 35 (2), 23–7.
Kirk, D. (2005). Physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation:
The importance of early learning experiences. European Physical
Education Review, 11, 239-255.
Lirgg, C.D. (1992). Girls and women’s, sport, and self-confidence. Quest,
44, 158-178.
Marcia, James. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 3 (5), 551-558.
McKiddie, B., & Maynard, I.W. (1997). Perceived competence of
schoolchildren in physical education. Journal of Teaching in
Physical Education, 16, 324-339.
Nekich, J.C. Chapter 13: Friends & family [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved
from Lecture Notes Online Web site:
http://www.class.uidaho.edu/nekich/psyc305/pdf6/ Chapter13_friends1.pdf
Newell, A., & Rosenbloom, P.S. (1981). Mechanisms of skill acquistion
and the law of practice. In J.R. Anderson (Ed.)., Cognitive skills and
their acquisition (1-55). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Nicholls, J.G. (1975). Causal attributions and other achievement-related
cognitions: Effects of task outcome, attainment value, and sex.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 379-389.
Nicholls, J.G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability,
perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that
difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49 (3),
800-814.
Nicholls, J.G. (1980). The development of the concept of difficulty
[Abstract]. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26 (3), 271-281.
Nicholls, J.G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nichols, J. G. (1990). What is ability and why are we mindful of it? A
developmental perspective. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Kolligian (Eds.),
Competence considered (pp. 11-40). New Haven, CT:
Yale University Press.
Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J.. Tuson, K.M., Briere, N.M., &
Blais, M.R. (1995). Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation,
Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation
Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17 (1),
35-53.
Roberts, G. C., Kleiber, D., & Duda, J. L. (1981). An analysis of motivation
in children’s sport: The role of perceived competence in participation.
Journal of Sport Psychology, 3, 206-216.
Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M.E., & Walk, S. (1992). Overview of youth sport
programs in the United States. Washington, DC: Carnegie Council
on Adolescent Development.
Smith, A.L. (1999). Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity
participation in early adolescence. Journal of Sport & Exercise
Psychology, 21, 329-350.
Sternberg, R.J. & Kolligian, J., Jr. (1990). Competence considered.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Stipek, D. & Daniels, D. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A
consequence of changes in the child or the educational
environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 352-356.
Stipek, D. & Mac Iver, D. (1989). Developmental changes in children’s
assessment of intellectual competence. Child Development, 60,
521-538.
Watkins, B., & Montgomery, A. (1989). Conceptions of athletic excellence
among children and adolescents. Child Development, 60,
1362-1372.
Weinberg, R.S., & Jackson, A. (1979). Competition and extrinsic rewards:
Effect on intrinsic motivation and attribution. Research Quarterly,
50 (3), 494-502.
Weinberg, R.S., & Ragan, J. (1979). Effects of competition, success,
failure, and sex on intrinsic motivation. Research Quarterly, 50 (3),
503-510.
Weiss, M.R., Bredemeier, B.J., & Shewchuk, R.M. (1985). An
intrinsic/extrinsic motivation scale for the youth sport setting: A
confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7 (1),
75-91.
Weiss, M.R., & Ferrer-Caja, E. (2002). Motivational orientations and sport
behavior. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed.,
pp. 101-183). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Weiss, M.R. & Williams, L. (2004). The why of youth sport involvement: A
developmental perspective on motivational processes. In M.R. Weiss
(Ed.), Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan
Perspective (pp.223- 268). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information
Technology.
Whaley, D.E. (2004). Seeing isn’t always believing: Self-perceptions and
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